John Perilli: Brain Drain Should Scare Us

John Perilli, GoLocalProv MINDSETTER™

John Perilli: Brain Drain Should Scare Us

Can you hear that gurgling noise? That's the sound of brain drain––of top-level skilled workers from Rhode Island taking flight to places like New York, D.C. and California. And we're letting it happen.

The problem of skilled young workers leaving the Ocean State, especially recent college graduates, has been variously pegged as a labor market issue, an education issue, and a business climate issue, with most proposed solutions only taking one, maybe two of these areas into account. However, we have failed to treat brain drain with the comprehensive seriousness it deserves. We must attack brain drain with a broad set of policies, rather than with patchwork solutions, and we must attack it soon: The issue could make many of our current political headaches, including pensions and structural deficits, much worse in the long run.

A Grim Situation

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Nationally, around seven out of every ten members of the college class of 2008 stayed in the same state as their alma mater after graduation, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. In Rhode Island, this rate is just above three out of ten––a paltry 45th in the country. Because of our small size and our abundance of private colleges, we can never hope to compete with national leaders of retention such as California and Texas, but we are still fifth in New England, only ahead of Vermont.

Before the finger-pointing begins, consider this as well: among graduates nationwide who left for other states, nearly six in ten said that it was better employment opportunities that drove them to move. New England graduates were no exception. This means that Rhode Island's higher-than-average unemployment rate, currently around 9.2 percent, shoulders a good amount of the blame for brain drain.

It harkens back to the old refrain: Jobs, jobs, jobs. Any policy that helps lower our unemployment rate will reduce the flight of our skilled workers. But with younger workers, there is much more at stake. Workers between the ages of 25 and 34 are more likely to move than any other members of the labor force. If older workers can't find jobs in Rhode Island, their unemployment is cyclical; if workers in those critical early years can't find jobs, we could lose their labor permanently.

Still, you might say, why does it really matter if younger workers are leaving? If some bright young computer wizard wants to go to California and work for Apple, then why discourage them? Go west, young man or young woman, go west! After all, you could argue, mobile workers are the sign of a healthy economy. Let young people pursue opportunity wherever it leads.

The Problems

I have nothing against young workers who seek to maximize their opportunities out of state, but they leave many people behind. Older workers who have families and children in the Ocean State cannot simply pack up shop and leave––they face costs both moral and monetary, such as uprooting their families and selling their houses. Then, there are retirees both on and off the state pension system, who are even less mobile. What happens to them if all the young taxpayers leave? In a country where both social and geographic mobility are celebrated, there is still a complex social welfare apparatus at the state level which needs revenue to run.

Look at the recent fight over pension reform. Could our state handle more political turmoil over that issue, with possibly even deeper cuts on the table? The more young workers leave our state, the higher becomes our average age. The higher our average age, the more retirees we will have as a fraction of our total population. And regardless of how our retirees are financing their autumn years, whether it be with local pensions, federal payments such as Social Security, or private savings, they will not be contributing much revenue as a group to state coffers. This lack of revenue, along with our advancing age, could deal a one-two punch to our pension system that no set of taxes could fix.

The revenue problem also spreads to other parts of the public sector. The General Assembly is already trying to figure out how to deal with years' worth of structural deficits, which will only get worse with the exodus of young workers. If history is any guide, this could put a wide range of important social services on the butcher's block, from our state hospitals, to our public universities, to the DCYF. The engine of American economic growth might go on, but we would still be left behind.

The Solutions

To avoid this worst-case scenario, we ought to spend what we can now to combat brain drain before it costs us even more in the long run. A number of good bills are already in the General Assembly pipeline. State Rep. Chris Blazejewski, a rising Democratic star from the Lower East Side of Providence, introduced a bill in 2011 that would give college graduates staying in Rhode Island a tax credit on their student loan payments, giving them an incentive to seek employment in the Ocean State. Unfortunately it was shelved due to a lack of money.

This bill is a good place to begin, but we need a more concerted effort. Alongside tax credits, we need better funding for our public universities, more encouragement for startups, hiring incentives for businesses, and other improvements that would make our state a place young, ambitious workers would want to stay. A steep tab, for sure. But there may be no one better placed than Rep. Blazejewski to get the ball rolling. This past session, Blazejewski was appointed to House Speaker Gordon Fox's leadership team, giving him a say in what legislation the General Assembly does and does not pursue.

This coming session, I'd like to see a large program of policies that aim to help young workers, like last year's "Moving the Needle" bills for businesses. Obviously, some trades would have to be made with Rhode Island's more conservative legislators for such a package of bills to pass, but we cannot go forward as a state without cultivating a cohort of skilled young workers. Human capital is a fundamental part of economic growth. We cannot complete our recovery without it. Otherwise, we'll be caught scrambling again to make ends meet, like we were during last year's budget debate when the General Assembly had to come up with $12.9 million overnight to pass the final spending bill.

What about $12.9 million to fight brain drain? I'd call that a start.

John Perilli is a native of Cumberland, RI and a junior at Brown University. He is the Communications Director for the Brown University Democrats. The opinions presented in this article do not necessarily represent those of the organizations of which John Perilli is a member.


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